MENEMBUS PASAR GLOBAL: PERFORMA DAN DAMPAK KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP EKSPOR MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA
Penetrating the Global Market: Performance and Impact of Trade Openness on Indonesian Manufacturing Exports
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36272/jes.v14i1.403Keywords:
Daya Saing, Keterbukaan Perdagangan, Manufaktur, Regresi data panelAbstract
The Indonesian manufacturing sector still faces various problems in the global market consisting of increasingly high product competition and relatively low added value. Therefore, this study aims to identify the competitiveness and influence of the level of trade openness on the performance of Indonesian manufacturing exports using the method of analyzing the degree of trade openness, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) which is enhanced by the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) method, Trade Balance Index (TBI) and panel data regression. The results of the analysis found that the structure of Indonesian manufacturing exports tends to focus on low or medium technology products, while high-tech products that have greater added value are still dominated by imports. Viewed from the side of the degree of openness, it was found that the average degree of trade openness was lower than other ASEAN countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Low trade openness has the potential to open up global market access which ultimately limits Indonesia's opportunities to expand its market share. Meanwhile, the analysis of the results of panel data regression shows that the variables of the degree of trade openness, GDP per capita of each trading partner country, Indonesia's GDP per capita, the real exchange rate and competitiveness have a positive and significant effect on the export performance of the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, the population of partner countries has a negative and significant effect on Indonesia's manufacturing sector exports.
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References
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Lall, S. (2000). The technological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports, 1985-98. Oxford Development Studies, 28(3), 337–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/713688318
Lee, K., & Malerba, F. (2017). Catch-up cycles and changes in industrial leadership:Windows of opportunity and responses of firms and countries in the evolution of sectoral systems. Research Policy, 46(2), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.09.006
Lestari, E. P., & WSU, I. (2017). Analisis Kinerja Industri Manufaktur Di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 17(1), 183. https://doi.org/10.17970/jrem.17.170115.id
Liu, W. L. R. (2015). China agricultural economic review. China Agricultural Economic Review, 7(4), 1–31.
Novitasari, W., Hartoyo, S., & Anggraeni, L. (2015). DAMPAK KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN DAN KINERJA MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 4(1), 1–23.
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Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. 68(2), 73-93. Harvard Business Review, 68(21), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700113
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1–2). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683975
Prasetyo, P. E. (2010). Struktur dan kinerja industri besi dan baja indonesia. Jejak, 3(1), 12–27. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jejak/article/view/4661/3873
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Setiawan. (2018). Pengaruh kebijakan pajak terhadap keputusan investasi perusahaan. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 21(1), 29–40.
Siti Mir’atul Khasanah, Laksani, D. D., & Suwari, N. U. M. (2020). Posisi Gvc Indonesia Di Wilayah Asean-Kanada. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 14(2), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.414
Srholec, M., & Fagerberg, J. (2004). Structural changes in international trade: Cause, impact and response. Revue Economique, 55(6), 1071–1098. https://doi.org/10.2307/3503345
Tambunan, T. (2011). The impacts of trade liberalization on indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises. Trade Knowledge Network, 1–26.
Teuku, V. A., Eri, R., Halim, H., Anbumozhi, A., Riefky, T., Hariyanto, E., & Alamsyah, H. (2023). Infrastructure for Inclusive Economic Development Volume 1: Lessons Learnt from Indonesia (Vol. 1). https://www.worldometers.info/world-
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Widyastutik, W., Amaliah, S., Hotsawadi, H., & Firdaus, M. (2023). The Impact of One Belt One Road and Indonesia-Pakistan Palm Oil Trade Liberalization. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 20(3), 466–476. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.20.3.466
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Wooldridge, J. M. (2015). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. https://library.wbi.ac.id/repository/163.pdf
Zulkarnaen, I., Oktaviani, R., Tambunan, M., & Yulius, Y. (2018). Analisis Dampak Liberalisasi Perdagangan Kawasan Ekonomi Asia Terhadap Kinerja Ekonomi Makro Asean. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 1(2), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.1.2.104-119
Anderson, E., De Renzio, P., & Levy, S. (2006). The Role of Public Investment in Poverty Reduction : Theories , Evidence and Methods. Methods, March, 40.
Anderson, J. E., & Van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803321455214
Azizah, M., Hidayat, M. Z., Hidayah, R., Astuti, R., & Kiky, N. E. (2025). Kebijakan Industri Menghadapi Globalisasi. Amandemen: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Politik Dan Hukum Indonesia, 2(1), 141–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/amandemen.v2i1.731
Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and “Revealed†Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School, 33(2), 99–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1965.tb00050.x
Baltagi, B. H. (1975). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data: Third edition. In Department of Economics and The Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA (Vol. 5, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3109/00498257509056115
Bank Indonesia. (2023). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2022. https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan/Documents/1_LPI2022_Cover.pdf
Bashar, O. K. M. R., & Khan, H. (2012). Liberalization and Growth: An Econometric Study of Bangladesh. SSRN Electronic Journal, 001, 0–18. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1601609
Betrix Betrix, & Ferly Christian Kolinug. (2024). Komoditas dalam Skema Request – Offer Indonesia dengan Taiwan: Analisis Inferensia Berdasarkan Database Tahun 2019. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, Akuntansi, Dan Pajak, 1(2), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.61132/jieap.v1i2.119
Budiyanti, E. (2017). THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALISATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA. Kajian, 22(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2014/105
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). (2021). KAJIAN SEKTOR MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA 2021. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia.
Ernst, D., & Kim, L. (2016). Global Production Networks, Knowledge Diffusion and Local Capability Formation. SSRN Electronic Journal, 31, 1417–1429. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2742956
Fadhilah, M. A., & Hermawan, I. (2024). INVESTIGASI EKSPOR PAKAIAN JADI INDONESIA : DAYA SAING , DETERMINAN , DAN BARIER Investigating Indonesian Apparel Export : Competitiveness , Determinants , and Barriers Abstrak PENDAHULUAN Ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia berperan sangat esensial bagi terata. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 18(2), 207–234.
Fitriani, S. A., Hakim, D. B., & Widyastutik, W. (2021). Analisis Kointegrasi Keterbukaan Perdagangan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Publik, 12(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v12i2.2033
Ginting, A. M. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Ekspor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v11i1.185
Gujarati, D. ., & Porter, D. C. (2013). Single-equation regression models. In Introductory Econometrics: A Practical Approach.
Gultom, O., Hertanti, R., Megawati, & Sidik, R. M. (2018). Mengukur Daya Saing Indonesia. Indonesia for Global Justice, 1–11.
Haaland, J. I., & Venables, A. J. (2016). Optimal trade policy with monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms. Journal of International Economics, 102, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2016.06.004
Handoyo, R. D., Ibrahim, K. H., Rahmawati, Y., Faadhillah, F., Ogawa, K., Kusumawardani, D., See, K. F., Kumaran, V. V., & Gulati, R. (2024). Determinants of exports performance: Evidence from Indonesian low-, medium-, and high-technology manufacturing industries. PLoS ONE, 19(1 January), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296431
Harahap, H., & Widyastutik. (2020). Diversifikasi Ekspor Non Migas Indonesia Ke Pasar Non Tradisional. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 14(2), 215–238. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.442
Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., & Rodrik, D. (2011). What You Export Matters. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.896243
Hotsawadi. (2021). Analisis potensi dan dampak perdagangan indonesia ke pasar non tradisional: gtap model [IPB]. https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/109751
Hotsawadi, & Widyastutik. (2023). Menavigasi Daya Saing dan Determinan Ekspor Unggulan Indonesia di Kawasan Carribean Community (Caricom). Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 17(2), 203–224. https://doi.org/10.55981/bilp.2023.224
Ika, S. (2017). Kebijakan Hilirisasi Mineral : Policy Reform untuk Meningkatkan Penerimaan Negara. Kajian Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 1(1), 42–67. https://doi.org/10.31685/kek.v1i1.259
Kemendag. (2021). Peningkatan Daya Saing Industri Manufaktur Indonesia. In Kementerian Perdagangan (Vol. 2013, Issue d).
Kemendag. (2024). Rencana Strategi 2020-2024. http://bppp.kemendag.go.id/.
Krugman, P. (1991). Increasing returns and economic geography. Journal of Political Economy. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483–499. https://pr.princeton.edu/pictures/g-k/krugman/krugman-increasing_returns_1991.pdf
Krugman, P. R., Obstfeld, M., & Melitz, M. J. (2018). International Economics, Theory and Policy, Global Edition by Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz, (z-lib.org). In Pearson Education : Harlow., 2018 (Vol. 11, Issue International Economics).
Lafay, G. (1992). The measurement of revealed comparative advantages. https://www.econbiz.de/Record/th e-measurement-of-revealedcomparative-advantages-lafaygérard/10001312581.
Lall, S. (2000). The technological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports, 1985-98. Oxford Development Studies, 28(3), 337–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/713688318
Lee, K., & Malerba, F. (2017). Catch-up cycles and changes in industrial leadership:Windows of opportunity and responses of firms and countries in the evolution of sectoral systems. Research Policy, 46(2), 338–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.09.006
Lestari, E. P., & WSU, I. (2017). Analisis Kinerja Industri Manufaktur Di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 17(1), 183. https://doi.org/10.17970/jrem.17.170115.id
Liu, W. L. R. (2015). China agricultural economic review. China Agricultural Economic Review, 7(4), 1–31.
Novitasari, W., Hartoyo, S., & Anggraeni, L. (2015). DAMPAK KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN DAN KINERJA MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 4(1), 1–23.
Oktaviani, R., & Novianti, T. (2014). Teori Perdagangan Internasional Dan Aplikasinya Di Indonesia. IPB Press.
Oktaviani, R., & Puspitawati, E. (2008). Impacts of ASEAN Agricultural Trade Liberalization on ASEAN-6 Economies and Income Distribution in Indonesia. 51, 36. http://e.unescap.org/tid/artnet/pub/wp5108.pdf
Perwira, A. R. (2021). Analisis Daya Saing dan Potensi Ekspor Mobil Indonesia di Kawasan Asia Selatan. Ekombis Sains: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan Dan Bisnis, 6(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.24967/ekombis.v6i2.1308
Philippa, D., & Gali, J. (2003). THE TRADE AND INVESTMENT EFFECTS OF PREFERENTIAL TRADING ARRANGEMENTS. Zitteliana, 19(8), 159–170.
Porter, M. (1990). The Competitive Advantage of Nations. 68(2), 73-93. Harvard Business Review, 68(21), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700113
Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1–2). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3683975
Prasetyo, P. E. (2010). Struktur dan kinerja industri besi dan baja indonesia. Jejak, 3(1), 12–27. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jejak/article/view/4661/3873
Purnomo, R. N. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Keterbukaan Ekonomi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Kasus: Asean Tahun 2007 – 2017). Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan, 2(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.14710/jdep.2.2.20-35
Rodrik, D. (2018). Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy. Princeton University Press.
Salvatore, D. (2013). International Economic Edition 11th. Salemba 4.
Saragih, J. P. (2018). Produk Industri Manufaktur Dominasi Ekspor Non-Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Nasional. KAJIAN SINGKAT TERHADAP ISU AKTUAL DAN STRATEGIS Vol. X, No. 21/I/Puslit/November/2018, X.
Setiawan. (2018). Pengaruh kebijakan pajak terhadap keputusan investasi perusahaan. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 21(1), 29–40.
Siti Mir’atul Khasanah, Laksani, D. D., & Suwari, N. U. M. (2020). Posisi Gvc Indonesia Di Wilayah Asean-Kanada. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 14(2), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.414
Srholec, M., & Fagerberg, J. (2004). Structural changes in international trade: Cause, impact and response. Revue Economique, 55(6), 1071–1098. https://doi.org/10.2307/3503345
Tambunan, T. (2011). The impacts of trade liberalization on indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises. Trade Knowledge Network, 1–26.
Teuku, V. A., Eri, R., Halim, H., Anbumozhi, A., Riefky, T., Hariyanto, E., & Alamsyah, H. (2023). Infrastructure for Inclusive Economic Development Volume 1: Lessons Learnt from Indonesia (Vol. 1). https://www.worldometers.info/world-
Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2020). Economic Development. Thirteenth Edition. In Pearson (Issue 13th Edition). https://www.mkm.ee/en/objectives-activities/economic-development
Tybout, J. R. (2000). Manufacturing Firms in Developing Countries: How Well Do They Do, and Why? Journal of Economic Literature, 38(1), 11–44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.11
Widodo, T. (2009). Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures and Case Studies «Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures and Case Studies» Comparative Advantage: Theory, Empirical Measures and Case Studies. Review of Economic and Business Studies (REBS), 4(July), 57–82.
Widodo, W., & Sari, D. (2022). World Economic Outlook, April 2024; Chapter 4: Trading Places: Real Spillovers from G20 Emerging Markets; April 9, 2024. International Monetary Fund, April, 87–110.
Widyastutik, W., Amaliah, S., Hotsawadi, H., & Firdaus, M. (2023). The Impact of One Belt One Road and Indonesia-Pakistan Palm Oil Trade Liberalization. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 20(3), 466–476. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.20.3.466
Wilson, R., & Thompson, K. (2022). Sustainable development: Principles, frameworks, and case studies. Oxford University Press.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2015). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. https://library.wbi.ac.id/repository/163.pdf
Zulkarnaen, I., Oktaviani, R., Tambunan, M., & Yulius, Y. (2018). Analisis Dampak Liberalisasi Perdagangan Kawasan Ekonomi Asia Terhadap Kinerja Ekonomi Makro Asean. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 1(2), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.29244/jekp.1.2.104-119
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